Ways to increase stress resistance of grapes in conditions of moisture deficit

Abstract

For optimal conditions of grapevine development, a relatively uniform distribution of precipitation is needed during all phases of active plant growth. However, often there are dry periods in summer months in areas of unstable moistening. At the present time, in intensive technologies of grape cultivation, foliar treatments with agrochemicals are widely used to increase stress resistance of plants to moisture deficit with the goal to protect and increase cropping capacity and gain optimal conditions of viticultural products. Our research, carried out in the conditions of Crimea, have shown that using of the studied systems of mineral nutrition with micronutrient fertilizers of the Wuxal group in conditions of air and soil drought contributed to an increase in the average bunch weight by 17.4-51.9 g and an cropping capacity of grapes by 9.5-35, 3% (1-1.5 t / ha). It was experimentally proven that test treatments have led to a significant increase (by 4.7-15.5%) in the growth of green matter of bushes and in the structure index of table grape bunch by 19.1-37.8%. Against the background of using the studied systems of nutrition, an increase in the content of sugars and phenolic substances in the must of ‘Saperavi’ grape variety by 8.5% and 70.4%, respectively, was observed in comparison with the control.