Effect of heat-moisture treated brown rice crackers on postprandial flow-mediated dilation in adults with mild endothelial dysfunction
Kenichi Watanabe,
Masao Hirayama,
Somasundaram Arumugam,
Masayoshi Sugawara,
Hisanori Kato,
Sumiko Nakamura,
Ken'ichi Ohtsubo,
Hitoshi Matsumoto,
Yuri Nomi,
Noriyuki Homma,
Yoshifumi Fujii,
Naoto Murohashi,
Rajarajan A Thandavarayan,
Hiroshi Suzuki,
Kazuya Fujihara,
Satoru Kodama,
Hirohito Sone
Affiliations
Kenichi Watanabe
Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan; Corresponding author.
Masao Hirayama
Niigata Bio-Research Park Co., Ltd., Japan
Somasundaram Arumugam
Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
Masayoshi Sugawara
Department of Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Nagaoka College, Japan
Hisanori Kato
Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
Sumiko Nakamura
Faculty of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Japan
Ken'ichi Ohtsubo
Faculty of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Japan
Hitoshi Matsumoto
Faculty of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Japan
Yuri Nomi
Faculty of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Japan
Noriyuki Homma
Cereal Food Section, Niigata Agricultural Research Institute Food Research Center, Japan
Yoshifumi Fujii
Niigata-Seifun Co., Ltd., Japan
Naoto Murohashi
Bourbon Institutes of Health, Bourbon Corporation, Japan
Rajarajan A Thandavarayan
Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Hiroshi Suzuki
Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
Kazuya Fujihara
Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
Satoru Kodama
Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
Hirohito Sone
Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
Background: Endothelial dysfunction is an early pathophysiological feature and independent predictor of a poor prognosis in most forms of cardiovascular disease. We evaluated the effect of brown rice crackers (BR-C) on endothelial function. Methods: Effect of heat-moisture treated (HMT) -BR-C on postprandial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in adults with mild endothelial dysfunction was compared with that of BR-C and white rice crackers (WR-C) in 12 adults with mild endothelial dysfunction (less than 7.0% of FMD) by a randomized, single-blind, three-treatment three-period crossover trial (UMIN 000034898). Since we considered that the FMD increase was associated with the treatment of HMT-BR-C, we examined the effect of three possible factors: postprandial glucose levels, polyphenol content, and polyphenol release from the food matrix. Results: Mean pre-intake baseline FMD values of HMT-BR-C, BR-C, and WR-C were 4.9%, 5.1%, and 4.9%, respectively, and those values 1 h post-intake were 6.3%, 5.1%, and 4.8%, respectively. There was no difference in intergroup comparisons of FMD using Dunnett's multiple comparison test. There was a significant increase in FMD only in HMT-BR-C in intragroup comparisons (P = 0.042 by paired-t test). In comparison with BR-C, no significant difference was noted in the postprandial glucose level nor in the content of total polyphenols and ferulic acid derivatives in HMT-BR-C. However, the 70% ethanol extracted from HMT-BR-C contained a significantly larger amount of free and bound ferulic acids than from BR-C. Conclusion: HMT-BR-C intake increased the postprandial FMD response.
