Oral Administration of Probiotics (<i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i>) in Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Vaccinated and Challenged with <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i>
Mateus Cardoso Guimarães,
Isabel M. Cerezo,
Miguel Frederico Fernandez-Alarcon,
Mariene Miyoko Natori,
Luciana Yuri Sato,
Camila A. T. Kato,
Miguel Angel Moriñigo,
Silvana Tapia-Paniagua,
Danielle de Carla Dias,
Carlos Massatoshi Ishikawa,
Maria José T. Ranzani-Paiva,
Luara Lucena Cassiano,
Erna Elisabeth Bach,
Patrícia B. Clissa,
Daniele P. Orefice,
Leonardo Tachibana
Affiliations
Mateus Cardoso Guimarães
Fisheries Institute/APTA/SAA, Aquaculture Research Centre, Av. Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves 1252, Vila Mariana, São Paulo 04014-900, Brazil
Isabel M. Cerezo
Department of Microbiology, Malaga University, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29010 Málaga, Spain
Miguel Frederico Fernandez-Alarcon
Fisheries Institute/APTA/SAA, Aquaculture Research Centre, Av. Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves 1252, Vila Mariana, São Paulo 04014-900, Brazil
Mariene Miyoko Natori
Fisheries Institute/APTA/SAA, Aquaculture Research Centre, Av. Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves 1252, Vila Mariana, São Paulo 04014-900, Brazil
Luciana Yuri Sato
Fisheries Institute/APTA/SAA, Aquaculture Research Centre, Av. Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves 1252, Vila Mariana, São Paulo 04014-900, Brazil
Camila A. T. Kato
Fisheries Institute/APTA/SAA, Aquaculture Research Centre, Av. Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves 1252, Vila Mariana, São Paulo 04014-900, Brazil
Miguel Angel Moriñigo
Department of Microbiology, Malaga University, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29010 Málaga, Spain
Silvana Tapia-Paniagua
Department of Microbiology, Malaga University, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29010 Málaga, Spain
Danielle de Carla Dias
Fisheries Institute/APTA/SAA, Aquaculture Research Centre, Av. Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves 1252, Vila Mariana, São Paulo 04014-900, Brazil
Carlos Massatoshi Ishikawa
Fisheries Institute/APTA/SAA, Aquaculture Research Centre, Av. Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves 1252, Vila Mariana, São Paulo 04014-900, Brazil
Maria José T. Ranzani-Paiva
Fisheries Institute/APTA/SAA, Aquaculture Research Centre, Av. Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves 1252, Vila Mariana, São Paulo 04014-900, Brazil
Luara Lucena Cassiano
Biological Institute—Postgraduation Program in Health, Food Security and Environmental in Agribusiness, Av. Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves 1252, São Paulo 04014-002, Brazil
Erna Elisabeth Bach
Biological Institute, Av. Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves 1252, São Paulo 04014-002, Brazil
Patrícia B. Clissa
Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, Butantã, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
Daniele P. Orefice
Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, Butantã, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
Leonardo Tachibana
Fisheries Institute/APTA/SAA, Aquaculture Research Centre, Av. Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves 1252, Vila Mariana, São Paulo 04014-900, Brazil
Streptococcus agalactiae is an important bacterial pathogen in intensive Nile tilapia production, causing high mortality rates and great economic losses. This work aimed to evaluate the Nile tilapia vaccination against S. agalactiae and fed with ration containing probiotic AQUA PHOTO® composed of Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum, on the immune response action and gut microbiota. The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments (CON = control; ADJ = adjuvant; PRO = probiotic; VAC = vaccine; PRO + VAC = probiotic + vaccine) and five replicates. The vaccine (bacterin + adjuvant) was injected after 21 days (21d) of probiotic feeding and the vaccine was booster 14 days post-vaccination (35d). After 14 days of the booster (49d), the fish were challenged with S. agalactiae and observed for more than 14 days, completing 63 days. The immunized group showed a better survival rate (CON 40%; ADJ 57%; PRO 67%; VAC 87%; PRO + VAC 97%). The treatments VAC and PRO + VAC, after booster produced higher levels of IgM antibodies compared with the control from the same time. The combination of probiotic and vaccination provided better protection against S. agalactiae infection, directly affecting the gut microbiological profile. These results indicated the contribution of probiotic to the adaptive immune response through the modulation of the intestinal microbiota, improving the effect of the vaccination. In conclusion, AQUA PHOTO®, composed of B. subtilis and L. plantarum, orally administered to Nile tilapia vaccinated against and challenged with S. agalactiae increases protection from infection and modifies the intestinal microbiota profile of the host, promoting the microbiota balance and improving adaptive immune response.
