Justification of the effectiveness of subsoil protection and environmental safety during the development of near-surface reserves of ore deposits

Abstract

The main scientific and practical results regarding the substantiation of the effectiveness of subsoil protection and environmental safety during the development of near-surface reserves of ore deposits by chamber systems with cavity filling with a hardening mixture under objects protected at a depth of 150–200 m from the day surface, taking into account seismic and environmental safety, are presented and the social factor, which are implemented in the instructions, standards and practice of the ore mines of Ukraine. Carrying out the specified measures allows to ensure maximum extraction of ore, reliable preservation of protected objects and reduction of penetration of dangerous substances on the earth's surface. The parameters of the extremely stable equivalent spans of the horizontal exposures of the walls of the chambers were established, taking into account the properties of the mining massif, the time of standing, the depth of the location and the technology of the formation of the chambers in the depth range of 45–210 m during the development of ore deposits of the State Enterprise “ShydGZK” (Ukraine) under the objects that are protected In order to ensure the proposed minimally acceptable parameters of the ceiling under the conditions of stability, it is advisable to strengthen the rock with developed engineering methods that allow preserving the day surface under the protected objects and exclude the release of pollutants to the surface and the surrounding environment. A method of counter-directed initiation of charges in adjacent wells is also proposed, which has a positive effect on the stability of the wall due to the reduction of the dynamic effect of the explosion. It is substantiated that with counter-directed initiation using non-electric means of detonating well charges, the oversize output (νн) decreases and is exponentially dependent on the line of least resistance (W) of the type νн = 5.57 × е0.022W. This makes it possible to increase the weight of explosive substances charges by one deceleration within the range of wells from 300 to 1250 kg and reduce the rate of seismic oscillations of the rock mass from 0.46 to 0.28 cm/s. In the opinion of the authors, it would be useful to develop a regulatory and methodological document “Recommendations for the development of remote radiation monitoring of the environment in the areas where nuclear industry facilities are located”, which would provide requirements for monitoring the air, water environment, soils, etc.

Keywords

• subsoil
• near-surface reserves
• ore deposits
• environmental safety