Spinal dystonia and other spinal movement disorders
Shlok Sarin,
Shlok Sarin,
Temitope Lawal,
Hesham Abboud,
Hesham Abboud
Affiliations
Shlok Sarin
Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
Shlok Sarin
Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology Program, Parkinson’s and Movement Disorder Center, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, United States
Temitope Lawal
Movement Disorders, Neurology Department, East Carolina University Health, Greenville, NC, United States
Hesham Abboud
Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
Hesham Abboud
Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology Program, Parkinson’s and Movement Disorder Center, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, United States
While traditionally considered a disorder of the basal ganglia, brainstem, and cerebellum, multiple reports have shown that spinal cord pathologies may lead to dystonia. In this article, we first discuss various spinal movement disorders and the differences between tonic spasms, spinal dystonia, spinal myoclonus, spinal tremors, and paroxysmal dyskinesia. We review potential pathogenesis of spinal dystonia. We then focus on reports of dystonia secondary to spinal cord demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. We conclude by discussing the potential treatment options for spinal dystonia.
