Comparison between the dilution of electrolyte concentrate in milk or water for oral rehydration of diarrheal calves

Abstract

The administration of oral electrolyte solution (OES) is the most used method to correct dehydration and electrolyte and acid-base imbalances in calves with diarrhea. To prepare OES, the electrolyte concentrate (EC) is diluted in water. Alternatively, it can be diluted in milk and the correction of dehydration depends on voluntary water intake. Although dilution in milk is used, its efficacy has not been fully proven. This study compared the effectiveness of two rehydration methods in correcting imbalances in diarrheal calves. Twenty-four neonatal calves with induced osmotic diarrhea were distributed into two treatment groups using a commercial EC: GM with EC diluted in the milk at meals; and GW with EC diluted in water (volumes of 5% BW, at 4 and 12 h). All were fed with milk (volumes of 4% BW, at 0, 8, and 16 h) and had free access to water. Clinical and laboratory variables were monitored over time up to 48 h. The calves presented moderate dehydration, hyponatremia, relative hyperchloremia and moderate strong ion metabolic acidosis. Both rehydration methods were effective in correcting imbalances and reestablishing plasma SID3 at the end of the day of treatment. Plasma volume expansion was faster in GW. Electrolyte-enriched milk is as efficient as OES for treating diarrheal calves.

Keywords

• neonatal diarrhea
• strong ion acidosis
• fluid therapy
• electrolyte-enriched milk
• oral electrolyte solution