The Astronomical Journal (Jan 2024)
The TESS-Keck Survey. XII. A Dense 1.8 R ⊕ Ultra-short-period Planet Possibly Clinging to a High-mean-molecular-weight Atmosphere after the First Gigayear
- Ryan A. Rubenzahl,
- Fei Dai,
- Andrew W. Howard,
- Jack J. Lissauer,
- Judah Van Zandt,
- Corey Beard,
- Steven Giacalone,
- Joseph M. Akana Murphy,
- Ashley Chontos,
- Jack Lubin,
- Casey L. Brinkman,
- Dakotah Tyler,
- Mason G. MacDougall,
- Malena Rice,
- Paul A. Dalba,
- Andrew W. Mayo,
- Lauren M. Weiss,
- Alex S. Polanski,
- Sarah Blunt,
- Samuel W. Yee,
- Michelle L. Hill,
- Isabel Angelo,
- Emma V. Turtelboom,
- Rae Holcomb,
- Aida Behmard,
- Daria Pidhorodetska,
- Natalie M. Batalha,
- Ian J. M. Crossfield,
- Courtney Dressing,
- Benjamin Fulton,
- Daniel Huber,
- Howard Isaacson,
- Stephen R. Kane,
- Erik A. Petigura,
- Paul Robertson,
- Nicholas Scarsdale,
- Teo Mocnik,
- Tara Fetherolf,
- Luca Malavolta,
- Annelies Mortier,
- Aldo Fiorenzano,
- Marco Pedani
Affiliations
- Ryan A. Rubenzahl
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Fei Dai
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Division of Geological and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Andrew W. Howard
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Jack J. Lissauer
- ORCiD
- Space Science & Astrobiology Division , MS 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Judah Van Zandt
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Corey Beard
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine , Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Steven Giacalone
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Joseph M. Akana Murphy
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Ashley Chontos
- ORCiD
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i , Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- Jack Lubin
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine , Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Casey L. Brinkman
- ORCiD
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i , Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- Dakotah Tyler
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Mason G. MacDougall
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Malena Rice
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, Yale University , New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Paul A. Dalba
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Andrew W. Mayo
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California Berkeley , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Lauren M. Weiss
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Alex S. Polanski
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas , Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Sarah Blunt
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; CIERA, Northwestern University , Evanston IL 60201, USA
- Samuel W. Yee
- ORCiD
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Michelle L. Hill
- ORCiD
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California , Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Isabel Angelo
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Emma V. Turtelboom
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California Berkeley , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Rae Holcomb
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine , Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Aida Behmard
- ORCiD
- Department of Astrophysics , American Museum of Natural History, 200 Central Park West, Manhattan, NY 10024, USA
- Daria Pidhorodetska
- ORCiD
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California , Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Natalie M. Batalha
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Ian J. M. Crossfield
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas , Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Courtney Dressing
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California Berkeley , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Benjamin Fulton
- ORCiD
- NASA Exoplanet Science Institute/Caltech-IPAC , MC 314-6, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Daniel Huber
- ORCiD
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i , Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA), School of Physics, University of Sydney , NSW 2006, Australia
- Howard Isaacson
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California Berkeley , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Centre for Astrophysics, University of Southern Queensland , Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
- Stephen R. Kane
- ORCiD
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California , Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Erik A. Petigura
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Paul Robertson
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine , Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Nicholas Scarsdale
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Teo Mocnik
- ORCiD
- Gemini Observatory/NSF’s NOIRLab , 670 N. A‘ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
- Tara Fetherolf
- ORCiD
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California , Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Department of Physics, California State University , San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
- Luca Malavolta
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Galileo Galilei,” Universitá di Padova , Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 3, IT-35122, Padova, Italy; INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova , Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, IT-35122, Padova, Italy
- Annelies Mortier
- ORCiD
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Aldo Fiorenzano
- ORCiD
- Fundación Galileo Galilei—INAF , Rambla José Ana Fernandez Pérez 7, E-38712 Breña Baja, Tenerife, Spain
- Marco Pedani
- ORCiD
- Fundación Galileo Galilei—INAF , Rambla José Ana Fernandez Pérez 7, E-38712 Breña Baja, Tenerife, Spain
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ad28bb
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 167,
no. 4
p. 153
Abstract
The extreme environments of ultra-short-period planets (USPs) make excellent laboratories to study how exoplanets obtain, lose, retain, and/or regain gaseous atmospheres. We present the confirmation and characterization of the USP TOI-1347 b, a 1.8 ± 0.1 R _⊕ planet on a 0.85 day orbit that was detected with photometry from the TESS mission. We measured radial velocities of the TOI-1347 system using Keck/HIRES and HARPS-N and found the USP to be unusually massive at 11.1 ± 1.2 M _⊕ . The measured mass and radius of TOI-1347 b imply an Earth-like bulk composition. A thin H/He envelope (>0.01% by mass) can be ruled out at high confidence. The system is between 1 and 1.8 Gyr old; therefore, intensive photoevaporation should have concluded. We detected a tentative phase-curve variation (3 σ ) and a secondary eclipse (2 σ ) in TESS photometry, which, if confirmed, could indicate the presence of a high-mean-molecular-weight atmosphere. We recommend additional optical and infrared observations to confirm the presence of an atmosphere and investigate its composition.
Keywords
- Exoplanet astronomy
- Radial velocity
- Transit photometry
- Exoplanet atmospheres
- Super Earths
- Exoplanet detection methods
