Tailoring Resorption Rates and Osteogenic Response in Xeno-Hybrid Bone Grafts: The Effect of Added Gelatins
Hao Zhu,
Håvard Jostein Haugen,
Giuseppe Perale,
Janne Elin Reseland,
Liebert Parreiras Nogueira,
Antonio Gonzalez Cantalapiedra,
Fernando Maria Guzon Muñoz,
Maria Permuy Mendaña,
Felice Betge,
Ståle Petter Lyngstadaas,
Jun Xiao
Affiliations
Hao Zhu
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo 0317, Norway
Håvard Jostein Haugen
Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo 0317, Norway; Corresponding authors.
Giuseppe Perale
Industrie Biomediche Insubri SA, Mezzovico-Vira 6805, Switzerland; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna 1200, Austria; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Southern Switzerland, Lugano 6900, Switzerland
Janne Elin Reseland
Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo 0317, Norway
Liebert Parreiras Nogueira
Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo 0317, Norway
Antonio Gonzalez Cantalapiedra
Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain
Fernando Maria Guzon Muñoz
Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain
Maria Permuy Mendaña
Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain
Felice Betge
Industrie Biomediche Insubri SA, Mezzovico-Vira 6805, Switzerland
Ståle Petter Lyngstadaas
Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo 0317, Norway
Jun Xiao
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Corresponding authors.
Bone defects resulting from trauma, surgery, congenital malformations, and other factors are among the most common health problems nowadays. Although current strategies such as autografts and allografts are recognized as the most successful treatments for stimulating bone regeneration, limitations such as graft source and complications still exist. SmartBone® is a xeno-hybrid bone graft (made from bovine bone matrix, poly(L-lactic-co-ε-caprolactone), and gelatin) with a positive clinical record for bone regeneration. In this study, the formulation for designing xeno-hybrid bone grafts using gelatins from different sources (bovine- and porcine-derived gelatin, with bone grafts named SBN and SPK, respectively) was investigated, and the biological responses were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The results demonstrate that gelatins from both bovine and porcine sources can be loaded onto SmartBone® successfully and safely, withstanding the aggressive manufacturing processes. Different bone cell responses were observed in vitro. SBN was found to enhance osteocalcin secretion while SPK was found to upregulate osteopontin from human osteoblasts. In vivo, both bone grafts promoted osteogenesis, but SPK degraded earlier than SBN. Our findings suggest that SBN and SPK provide different yet comparable solutions for optimizing the bone resorption and regeneration balance. These xeno-hybrid bone grafts possess ideal potential for bone defect repairing.
