Известия Томского политехнического университета: Инжиниринг георесурсов (Mar 2022)
SOIL EROSION DURING SNOWMELTING IN AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES OF THE SOUTH OF THE TOMSK REGION: DEVELOPMENT FACTORS, INTENSITY AND DYNAMICS
Abstract
The relevance. Water erosion of soil is one of the priority environmental and economic problems of our time. This is due to the fact that soil is a limited resource, required for food production, carbon sequestration, regulation of water and nutrients, filtering pollutants, increasing biodiversity etc. Zonal soil types are degrading constantly as a result of population growth, deforestation, increase in arable land and climate change. Although water erosion is one the most serious cause of soil degradation, global patterns of erosion activity are still difficult to quantify. Various calculation and field measurements methods are currently used to assess the magnitude of soil washout. The data on soil washout from the slopes of arable land in the southern part of the Tomsk region, obtained by the various authors using different methods, are contradictory. The main aim: a brief overview of the factors in the development of soil erosion during snowmelt, assessment of the intensity and dynamics of erosion based on long-term field observations on arable land in the southern administrative districts of the Tomsk region and calculation methods. Objects: agricultural land (arable land) in the southeast of the Tomsk region. Methods: field measurements, computational method, laboratory and analytical methods. Results. Our observations have shown that the erosion hazard of agricultural land in the southeast of the Tomsk region is caused by a complex of interrelated natural and anthropogenic factors such as relief, underlying rocks and soils, climatic indicators, and land cultivation methods. The average annual washout from the slopes of arable land in the region over a 34-year observation period varies from 2–5 to 16–30 m3/ha per snowmelt, sometimes washout measure up 50–80 m3/ha. According to the calculated data, the mean annual values of the flush modulus fluctuate in the range of 4,0–9,4 m3/ha. Differences in soil washout assessments are explained by the imperfections of various methods that require improvement. The calculations do not take into account the uneven occurrence of the snow cover, microrelief, the presence of forest belts, and the shape of the slopes.
Keywords
