生物技术对黄曲霉毒素B1的脱除及机制研究进展Advances in biological detoxification of aflatoxin B1 and its mechanism

Abstract

黄曲霉毒素是危害最大的真菌毒素之一，而黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）是黄曲霉毒素中毒性最大的一种，具有高毒性、致癌、致畸和致突变的作用，对动物和人类健康造成危害。为了有效脱除AFB1，综述了近年来研究的具有解毒作用的微生物，介绍了采用生物技术脱除AFB1的方法，重点探讨了生物脱除AFB1机制。用于脱除AFB1的菌株有芽孢杆菌、假单胞菌、乳酸菌、非产毒曲霉等，可采用单菌种发酵、多菌种协同发酵和菌-酶协同作用脱除AFB1。生物脱除AFB1机制主要为降解脱除和吸附脱除。可进一步筛选具有高优良能力的菌株以及更深层次地研究微生物脱毒的机制，探索微生物制剂对AFB1的降解作用。 Aflatoxin is one of the most harmful mycotoxins, and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is one of the most toxic aflatoxins. Due to its highly toxic, carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic effects, AFB1 is harmful for animal and human health. In order to effectively remove AFB1, the research on microorganisms with detoxification effects in recent years were reviewed, the methods of using biotechnology to remove AFB1 were introduced, and the mechanism of microbial detoxification of AFB1 was discussed. The strains used for the removal of AFB1 included Bacillus, Pseudomonas, lactic acid bacteria, non-toxigenic Aspergillus, etc. Single-strain fermentation, multi-strain synergistic fermentation and bacteria-enzyme synergistic action could be used to remove AFB1. The main mechanisms for biological removal of AFB1 included degradation removal and adsorption removal. Further screening of strains with high and excellent abilities and deeper research on the mechanism of microbial detoxification can be conducted to explore the degradation effect of microbial preparations on AFB1.

Keywords

• 生物法脱毒；黄曲霉毒素b1；脱除机制
• biological detoxification; aflatoxin b1; removal mechanism