System relations between word-building types of verbs with the meaning of negative consequences of action

Abstract

The article is devoted to the description of the system relations between word-building types corresponding to the aktionsart with the meaning of negative consequences of action. This is a group of prefixal and confixal verbs where the negative effects of an action are caused by excessive intensity or duration of action. The study of aktionsart with the meaning of negative consequences of action is of great interest first of all for they express the complex of aspectual meanings and it is essential to identify what creates such a complex semantics. Secondly, the semantics of negative consequences itself should be specified. Multiplicity of the mentioned aktionsarts confirms that semantics of negative consequences of action is relevant for the Russian language and for the whole Russian linguistic worldview. It is noteworthy to determine possible system relations arising between the verbs of the mentioned aktionsarts. The purpose of the article is to identify possible system relations arising between verbs of the specified manners of action. While the study methods of observation, description, functional and semantic analysis, component analysis were used. As a material for the study, examples from works by Russian writers selected from the Russian National Corpus (S.A. Alexievich. V.P. Astafyev, V.V. Bykov. F.M. Dostoyevsky, A.I. Kuprin, O.A. Slavnikova, V.I. Shukshin) were used. The conducted research elicited possible relations of word-building synonymy between different word-building types when identical word-building meanings are expressed by derivatives with different affixes and with a common derivative base. This type of word-formative synonymy is revealed in the framework of total aktionsart (with prefixes iz- and vy-) and excessive-multiple aktionsart (with confixes iz-...-sya and vy-...-sya). Amid the various word-formative types with the same prefix the relationships of enantiosemy (verbs with the prefixes ob-, za-, na-) were revealed as well. Opposite meanings of increase and diminution of action intensity arise in case the prefix is combined with different groups of motivating verbs. The reasons of this phenomenon are established.

Keywords

• system relations, word-formative synonymy, enantiosemy, aktionsart, type of word-formation, intensity, duration, excessiveness of action, negative result.