Densification of hydroxyapatite through cold sintering process: Role of liquid phase chemistry and physical characteristic of HA powder
Muthusundar Kumar,
Mohamed Aymen Ben Achour,
Marie Lasgorceix,
Paulo Quadros,
Rosica Mincheva,
Jean-Marie Raquez,
Anne Leriche
Affiliations
Muthusundar Kumar
Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials, Centre of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers, University of Mons, Place Du Parc 23, 7000, Mons, Belgium; Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, INSA Hauts-de-France, CERAMATHS-DMP, F-59313, Valenciennes, France; Corresponding author. Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials, Centre of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers, University of Mons, Place du Parc 23, 7000 Mons, Belgium.
Mohamed Aymen Ben Achour
Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, INSA Hauts-de-France, CERAMATHS-DMP, F-59313, Valenciennes, France
Marie Lasgorceix
Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, INSA Hauts-de-France, CERAMATHS-DMP, F-59313, Valenciennes, France
Paulo Quadros
FLUIDINOVA S.A., Rua de Rosa Jacome Felguerias, 57, 4475-188, Maia, Portugal
Rosica Mincheva
Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials, Centre of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers, University of Mons, Place Du Parc 23, 7000, Mons, Belgium
Jean-Marie Raquez
Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials, Centre of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers, University of Mons, Place Du Parc 23, 7000, Mons, Belgium
Anne Leriche
Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, INSA Hauts-de-France, CERAMATHS-DMP, F-59313, Valenciennes, France
Hydroxyapatite is a well-known bioactive material widely employed in bone regeneration applications. Densifying hydroxyapatite at the nanoscale remains challenging with conventional sintering methods. This investigation focuses on the densification of commercially available nano-hydroxyapatite powders through the cold sintering process, utilizing water, acetic acid, and phosphoric acid solutions as transient liquids under 360 MPa pressure at 200 °C. The study systematically examines the influence of physical parameters of hydroxyapatite powder, liquid nature, and ionic concentrations of acid solutions on densification and microstructural characteristics. The relative density of consolidated samples varied with respect to the ionic concentration of the acid solution. Notably, a maximum relative density of 90% has been achieved for hydroxyapatite cold sintered using 2 M phosphoric acid solution without changing the original phase of hydroxyapatite. Overall, this study offers valuable insights into the impact of liquid chemistry on the densification of hydroxyapatite using the cold sintering technique.
