FACTORS OF LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL TRANSFER IN NAMING UNITS OF SOCIAL DISEASES: A DIACHRONIC APPROACH

Abstract

This article deals with the processes of linguistic and cultural transfer of nominations of the social diseases sphere in the diachronic aspect, as well as the factors that lead to the appearance and consolidation of new linguistic units in the language. The study features nominations related to the social diseases and medical spheres taken from bilingual and multilingual medical dictionaries and dictionaries of foreign words, scientific and popular science literature. We can distinguish the following diachronic classification of English words in Russian language: 1) non-assimilated anglicisms; 2) partially assimilated anglicisms; 3) fully assimilated anglicisms. The extralinguistic factors of linguistic and cultural transfer may include the interaction of cultures and the authority of the source language. The intralinguistic factors may include the absence of the equivalent in the native language, the tendency to use one word instead of a descriptive phrase, impossibility of formation of derivatives in the native language.

Keywords

• linguistic and cultural transfer
• social disease
• diachrony
• assimilation
• factors of linguistic and cultural transfer