Anti-Melanogenic Effects of Ethanol Extracts of the Leaves and Roots of <i>Patrinia villosa</i> (Thunb.) Juss through Their Inhibition of CREB and Induction of ERK and Autophagy
Deok Jeong,
Sang Hee Park,
Min-Ha Kim,
Sarah Lee,
Yoon Kyung Cho,
You Ah Kim,
Byoung Jun Park,
Jongsung Lee,
Hakhee Kang,
Jae Youl Cho
Affiliations
Deok Jeong
Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical, Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
Sang Hee Park
Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
Min-Ha Kim
National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 22689, Korea
Sarah Lee
National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 22689, Korea
Yoon Kyung Cho
National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 22689, Korea
You Ah Kim
Skin Science Research Institute, Kolmar Korea Co. Ltd., Chungcheongbuk-do 28116, Korea
Byoung Jun Park
Skin Science Research Institute, Kolmar Korea Co. Ltd., Chungcheongbuk-do 28116, Korea
Jongsung Lee
Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical, Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
Hakhee Kang
Skin Science Research Institute, Kolmar Korea Co. Ltd., Chungcheongbuk-do 28116, Korea
Jae Youl Cho
Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical, Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
Patrinia villosa (Thunb.) Juss is a traditional herb commonly used in East Asia including Korea, Japan, and China. It has been administered to reduce and treat inflammation in Donguibogam, Korea. The mechanism for its anti-inflammatory effects has already been reported. In this study, we confirmed the efficacy of Patrinia villosa (Thunb.) Juss ethanol extract (Pv-EE) for inducing autophagy and investigate its anti-melanogenic properties. Melanin secretion and content were investigated using cells from the melanoma cell line B16F10. Pv-EE inhibited melanin in melanogenesis induced by α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). The mechanism of inhibition of Pv-EE was confirmed by suppressing the mRNA of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), decreasing the phosphorylation level of CREB, and increasing the phosphorylation of ERK. Finally, it was confirmed that Pv-EE induces autophagy through the autophagy markers LC3B and p62, and that the anti-melanogenic effect of Pv-EE is inhibited by the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyl adenine (3-MA). These results suggest that Pv-EE may be used as a skin protectant due to its anti-melanin properties including autophagy.
