Growth and Characterization of Lead-free Piezoelectric Single Crystals
Philippe Veber,
Feres Benabdallah,
Hairui Liu,
Gabriel Buse,
Michael Josse,
Mario Maglione
Affiliations
Philippe Veber
Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Unité Propre de Recherche (UPR) 9048, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pessac F-33600, France
Feres Benabdallah
Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Unité Propre de Recherche (UPR) 9048, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pessac F-33600, France
Hairui Liu
Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Unité Propre de Recherche (UPR) 9048, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pessac F-33600, France
Gabriel Buse
Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Unité Propre de Recherche (UPR) 9048, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pessac F-33600, France
Michael Josse
Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Unité Propre de Recherche (UPR) 9048, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pessac F-33600, France
Mario Maglione
Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Unité Propre de Recherche (UPR) 9048, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pessac F-33600, France
Lead-free piezoelectric materials attract more and more attention owing to the environmental toxicity of lead-containing materials. In this work, we review our first attempts of single crystal grown by the top-seeded solution growth method of BaTiO3 substituted with zirconium and calcium (BCTZ) and (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 substituted with lithium, tantalum, and antimony (KNLSTN). The growth methodology is optimized in order to reach the best compositions where enhanced properties are expected. Chemical analysis and electrical characterizations are presented for both kinds of crystals. The compositionally-dependent electrical performance is investigated for a better understanding of the relationship between the composition and electrical properties. A cross-over from relaxor to ferroelectric state in BCTZ solid solution is evidenced similar to the one reported in ceramics. In KNLSTN single crystals, we observed a substantial evolution of the orthorhombic-to-tetragonal phase transition under minute composition changes.