Manufacturing Free-Standing Graphene Oxide/Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Papers and Improving Electrical Conductivity by a Mild Annealing Treatment

Abstract

The present work aims to evaluate the manufacturing processes of free-standing graphene oxide (GO)/reduced graphene oxide(rGO)/carbon nanotube (MWCNT) papers-like and the effect on electrical conductivities after annealing treatment. The pure GO and the hybrid papers were obtained by vacuum filtration and submitted to mild thermal annealing at 400 °C under an argon atmosphere. Analyses comparing the carbon paper-like materials before and after thermal treatment were done by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrical conductivity measurements. The characterization results show the annealing process effect on the morphology of paper materials. The GO papers and the hybrid (GO/rGO/MWCNT) exhibited good free-standing structure properties. The SEM results suggest the formation of gas void due to the thermal treatment. TGA and Raman results showed the thermal reduction and restoration of the carbon sp2 network of the graphene oxide induced by thermal treatment. The thermal treatment was responsible for changing the almost insulator characteristic of free-standing pure GO paper, achieving an electrical conductivity of 752 S/m, and improving 45% of the free-standing hybrid carbon nanomaterials papers (GO/rGO/MWCNT) electrical conductivity, achieving the value of 1020 S/m.

Keywords

• graphene oxide
• multi-walled carbon nanotubes
• carbon nanomaterials
• electrical conductivity
• graphene paper