Clinical importance of distinguishing true anemia from dilutional pseudo‐anemia: Consequences of a 3‐year follow‐up volume assessment in a heart failure patient

Abstract

Key Clinical Message In chronic heart failure, dilutional anemia and hypervolemia may occur due to plasma volume expansion, the latter sometimes exacerbated by an increase in red cell volume. Diagnosis and a therapeutic strategy require determination of vascular volumes.

Keywords

• anemia
• hemodilution; volume overload
• hemoglobin mass
• plasma volume
• red cell volume