Design Strategies for Anodes and Interfaces Toward Practical Solid‐State Li‐Metal Batteries

Abstract

Abstract Solid‐state Li–metal batteries (based on solid‐state electrolytes) offer excellent safety and exhibit high potential to overcome the energy‐density limitations of current Li–ion batteries, making them suitable candidates for the rapidly developing fields of electric vehicles and energy‐storage systems. However, establishing close solid–solid contact is challenging, and Li‐dendrite formation in solid‐state electrolytes at high current densities causes fatal technical problems (due to high interfacial resistance and short‐circuit failure). The Li metal/solid electrolyte interfacial properties significantly influence the kinetics of Li–metal batteries and short‐circuit formation. This review discusses various strategies for introducing anode interlayers, from the perspective of reducing the interfacial resistance and preventing short‐circuit formation. In addition, 3D anode structural‐design strategies are discussed to alleviate the stress caused by volume changes during charging and discharging. This review highlights the importance of comprehensive anode/electrolyte interface control and anode design strategies that reduce the interfacial resistance, hinder short‐circuit formation, and facilitate stress relief for developing Li–metal batteries with commercial‐level performance.

Keywords

• anode interlayers
• Garnet solid electrolytes
• Li–metal batteries
• Li metal/solid electrolyte interface