Efficient Motion Primitives-Based Trajectory Planning for UAVs in the Presence of Obstacles

Abstract

The achievement of full autonomy in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is significantly dependent on effective motion planning. Specifically, it is crucial to plan collision-free trajectories for smooth transitions from initial to final configurations. However, finding a solution executable by the actual system adds complexity: the planned motion must be dynamically feasible. This involves meeting rigorous criteria, including vehicle dynamics, input constraints, and state constraints. This work addresses optimal kinodynamic motion planning for UAVs in the presence of obstacles by employing a hybrid technique instead of conventional search-based or direct trajectory optimization approaches. This technique involves precomputing a library of motion primitives by solving several Two-Point-Boundary-Value Problems (TPBVP) offline. This library is then repeatedly used online within a graph-search framework. Moreover, to make the method computationally tractable, continuity between consecutive motion primitives is enforced only on a subset of the state variables. This approach is compared with a state-of-the-art quadrotor-tailored search-based approach, which generates motion primitives online through control input discretization and forward propagation of the dynamic equations of a simplified model. The effectiveness of both methods is assessed through simulations and real-world experiments, demonstrating their ability to generate resolution-complete, resolution-optimal, collision-free, and dynamically feasible trajectories. Finally, a comparative analysis highlights the advantages, disadvantages, and optimal usage scenarios for each approach.

Keywords

• motion planning
• kinodynamic planning
• autonomous vehicles navigation
• quadrotor UAV
• obstacle avoidance
• motion primitives