Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant Capacity, α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Potential of Wild Moroccan <i>Inula viscosa</i> (L.) <i>Aiton</i> Leaves
Fadoua Asraoui,
Ayoub Kounnoun,
Francesco Cacciola,
Fouad El Mansouri,
Imad Kabach,
Yassine Oulad El Majdoub,
Filippo Alibrando,
Katia Arena,
Emanuela Trovato,
Luigi Mondello,
Adnane Louajri
Affiliations
Fadoua Asraoui
Laboratory of Applied Biology and Pathology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tetouan, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco
Ayoub Kounnoun
Laboratory of Applied Biology and Pathology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tetouan, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco
Francesco Cacciola
Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
Fouad El Mansouri
Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Valorization of Resources, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tangier 416, Morocco
Imad Kabach
Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies of Tangier, Tangier 416, Morocco
Yassine Oulad El Majdoub
Department of Chemical Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
Filippo Alibrando
Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
Katia Arena
Department of Chemical Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
Emanuela Trovato
Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
Luigi Mondello
Department of Chemical Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
Adnane Louajri
Laboratory of Applied Biology and Pathology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tetouan, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco
Medicinal plants offer imperative sources of innovative chemical substances with important potential therapeutic effects. Among them, the members of the genus Inula have been widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of several diseases. The present study investigated the antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays) and the in vitro anti-hyperglycemic potential of aerial parts of Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton (I. viscosa) extracts through the inhibition of digestive enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase), responsible of the digestion of poly and oligosaccharides. The polyphenolic profile of the Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton EtOAc extract was also investigated using HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS analysis, whereas the volatile composition was elucidated by GC-MS. The chemical analysis resulted in the detection of twenty-one polyphenolic compounds, whereas the volatile profile highlighted the occurrence of forty-eight different compounds. Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton presented values as high as 87.2 ± 0.50 mg GAE/g and 78.6 ± 0.55mg CE/g, for gallic acid and catechin, respectively. The EtOAc extract exhibited the higher antioxidant activity compared to methanol and chloroform extracts in different tests with (IC50 = 0.6 ± 0.03 µg/mL; IC50 = 8.6 ± 0.08 µg/mL; 634.8 mg ± 1.45 AAE/g extract) in DPPH, ABTS and FRAP tests. Moreover, Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton leaves did show an important inhibitory effect against α-amylase and α-glucosidase. On the basis of the results achieved, such a species represents a promising traditional medicine, thanks to its remarkable content of functional bioactive compounds, thus opening new prospects for research and innovative phytopharmaceuticals developments.
