Review on Pediatric Malignant Focal Liver Lesions with Imaging Evaluation: Part II
Yi Dong,
Andrius Cekuolis,
Dagmar Schreiber-Dietrich,
Rasa Augustiniene,
Simone Schwarz,
Kathleen Möller,
Nasenien Nourkami-Tutdibi,
Sheng Chen,
Jia-Ying Cao,
Yun-Lin Huang,
Ying Wang,
Heike Taut,
Lara Grevelding,
Christoph F. Dietrich
Affiliations
Yi Dong
Department of Ultrasound, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
Andrius Cekuolis
Ultrasound Section, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Centre, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania
Dagmar Schreiber-Dietrich
Localinomed and Pediatric Department, Kliniken Salem, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
Rasa Augustiniene
Ultrasound Section, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Centre, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania
Simone Schwarz
Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Sana Kliniken Duisburg GmbH, 47055 Duisburg, Germany
Kathleen Möller
Medical Department I/Gastroenterology, SANA Hospital Lichtenberg, 10365 Berlin, Germany
Nasenien Nourkami-Tutdibi
Saarland University Medical Center, Hospital of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, 66421 Homburg, Germany
Sheng Chen
Department of Ultrasound, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
Jia-Ying Cao
Department of Ultrasound, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
Yun-Lin Huang
Department of Ultrasound, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
Ying Wang
Department of Ultrasound, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
Heike Taut
Children’s Hospital, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
Lara Grevelding
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pneumology, Allergology, Infectious Diseases and Gastroenterology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
Christoph F. Dietrich
Department of Ultrasound, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
Malignant focal liver lesions (FLLs) represent various kinds of epithelial and mesenchymal tumors. In pediatric patients, the understanding of pediatric liver diseases and associated imaging manifestations is essential for making accurate diagnosis and differential diagnosis. This paper will discuss the latest knowledge of the common pediatric malignant FLLs, including undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, angiosarcoma, and malignant rhabdoid tumor. Medical imaging features are not only helpful for clinical diagnosis, but can also be useful in the evaluation and follow-up of pre- and post-treatment. The future perspectives of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) enhancement patterns of FLLs in pediatric patients are also mentioned.
