The Astrophysical Journal (Jan 2025)
JWST, ALMA, and Keck Spectroscopic Constraints on the UV Luminosity Functions at z ∼ 7–14: Clumpiness and Compactness of the Brightest Galaxies in the Early Universe
- Yuichi Harikane,
- Akio K. Inoue,
- Richard S. Ellis,
- Masami Ouchi,
- Yurina Nakazato,
- Naoki Yoshida,
- Yoshiaki Ono,
- Fengwu Sun,
- Riku A. Sato,
- Giovanni Ferrami,
- Seiji Fujimoto,
- Nobunari Kashikawa,
- Derek J. McLeod,
- Pablo G. Pérez-González,
- Marcin Sawicki,
- Yuma Sugahara,
- Yi Xu,
- Satoshi Yamanaka,
- Adam C. Carnall,
- Fergus Cullen,
- James S. Dunlop,
- Eiichi Egami,
- Norman Grogin,
- Yuki Isobe,
- Anton M. Koekemoer,
- Nicolas Laporte,
- Chien-Hsiu Lee,
- Dan Magee,
- Hiroshi Matsuo,
- Yoshiki Matsuoka,
- Ken Mawatari,
- Kimihiko Nakajima,
- Minami Nakane,
- Yoichi Tamura,
- Hiroya Umeda,
- Hiroto Yanagisawa
Affiliations
- Yuichi Harikane
- ORCiD
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan ; [email protected]
- Akio K. Inoue
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University , 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan; Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University , 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Richard S. Ellis
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London , Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Masami Ouchi
- ORCiD
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan ; [email protected]; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo , Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- Yurina Nakazato
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Naoki Yoshida
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Yoshiaki Ono
- ORCiD
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan ; [email protected]
- Fengwu Sun
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Riku A. Sato
- Department of Physics, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University , 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Giovanni Ferrami
- ORCiD
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for All-Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D) , Australia
- Seiji Fujimoto
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX, USA
- Nobunari Kashikawa
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Research Center for the Early Universe, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Derek J. McLeod
- ORCiD
- SUPA, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh , Royal Observatory, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
- Pablo G. Pérez-González
- ORCiD
- Centro de Astrobiología (CAB/CSIC-INTA) , Carretera de Ajalvir km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, E-28850, Madrid, Spain
- Marcin Sawicki
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Physics and the Institute for Computational Astrophysics, Saint Mary’s University , 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada
- Yuma Sugahara
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University , 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan; Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University , 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Yi Xu
- ORCiD
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan ; [email protected]; Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Satoshi Yamanaka
- ORCiD
- General Education Department, National Institute of Technology, Toba College , 1-1, Ikegami-cho, Toba, Mie 517-8501, Japan
- Adam C. Carnall
- ORCiD
- SUPA, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh , Royal Observatory, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
- Fergus Cullen
- ORCiD
- SUPA, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh , Royal Observatory, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
- James S. Dunlop
- ORCiD
- SUPA, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh , Royal Observatory, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
- Eiichi Egami
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Norman Grogin
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Yuki Isobe
- ORCiD
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University , 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Anton M. Koekemoer
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Nicolas Laporte
- ORCiD
- Aix-Marseille Université , CNRS, CNES, LAM (Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille), UMR 7326, 13388 Marseille, France
- Chien-Hsiu Lee
- ORCiD
- Hobby-Eberly Telescope , McDonald Observatory, 32 Mount Fowlkes, Fort Davis, TX 79734, USA
- Dan Magee
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, UCO/Lick Observatory, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Hiroshi Matsuo
- ORCiD
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; The Graduate University for Advanced Studies , SOKENDAI, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
- Yoshiki Matsuoka
- ORCiD
- Research Center for Space and Cosmic Evolution, Ehime University , Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
- Ken Mawatari
- ORCiD
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University , 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Kimihiko Nakajima
- ORCiD
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
- Minami Nakane
- ORCiD
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan ; [email protected]; Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Yoichi Tamura
- ORCiD
- Division of Particle and Astrophysical Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Hiroya Umeda
- ORCiD
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan ; [email protected]; Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Hiroto Yanagisawa
- ORCiD
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan ; [email protected]; Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad9b2c
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 980,
no. 1
p. 138
Abstract
We present the number densities and physical properties of the bright galaxies spectroscopically confirmed at z ∼ 7–14. Our sample is composed of 60 galaxies at z _spec ∼ 7–14, including recently confirmed galaxies at z _spec = 12.34–14.18 with JWST, as well as new confirmations at z _spec = 6.583–7.643 with −24 10. The UV luminosity functions derived from these spectroscopic results are consistent with a double power-law function, showing tensions with theoretical models at the bright end. To understand the origin of the overabundance of bright galaxies, we investigate their morphologies using JWST/NIRCam high-resolution images obtained in various surveys, including PRIMER and COSMOS-Web. We find that ∼70% of the bright galaxies at z ∼ 7 exhibit clumpy morphologies with multiple subcomponents, suggesting merger-induced starburst activity, which is consistent with SED fitting results showing bursty star formation histories. At z ≳ 10, bright galaxies are classified into two types of galaxies: extended ones with weak high-ionization emission lines, and compact ones with strong high-ionization lines including N iv] λ 1486, indicating that at least two different processes (e.g., merger-induced starburst and compact star formation/AGN) are shaping the physical properties of the brightest galaxies at z ≳ 10 and are responsible for their overabundance.
Keywords
