Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции (Apr 2021)
Results of studying wheatgrass (<i>Agropyron</i> Gaertn.) accessions from the VIR global genetic resources collection in Yakutia
Abstract
With the globally changing climate, researchers seek to use plants adapted to extreme environments in breeding and genetic programs. As a forage crop, the wheatgrass from the genus Agropyron Gaertn. is most suitable for such purposes.The area of temperature distribution for wheatgrass lies in the range from + 42 (arid zone) to – 60°C (Verkhoyansk). The use of different wheatgrass species as a crop for arid conditions is quite profoundly studied in the USA, Canada, Russia, and Kazakhstan. Genetic and breeding studies are underway in different countries. In Yakutia, with its extremely continental climate, wheatgrass has not yet been introduced as a crop, although it could play an important role in establishing a sustainable fodder reserve.The aim of the work was to study and select promising breeding source material, identifying germplasm with the best agronomic traits. As a result of a two-year study of 19 accessions of different wheatgrass species from the collection of VIR, undertaken in 2018 and 2019 in the collection nursery in Central Yakutia, plant forms were selected that exceeded the average green biomass yield for two cuts: k-52382 (wild crested wheatgrass, Pavlodar Region, Kazakhstan) by 43%, and k-48705 (wild-growing Kerch wheatgrass) by 40%. Besides, wild wheatgrass accession k-52382 was identified for its dry matter yield (40.2% higher than the average) and for the total green and dry matter yield for the two cuts (212.7 g/plant).Accessions k-52440 (wild Siberian wheatgrass, Stavropol Territory) and k-51330 (crested wheatgrass, Chelyabinsk Province) were selected for their high seed yield (43.5 g/m² and 41.7 g/m², respectively). The content of crude and digestible protein was the highest in k-50857 (crested wheatgrass cv. ‘Ephraim’, USA) and k-50858 (Siberian wheatgrass cv. ‘Vavilov II’, USA): 14.6% and 99 g/kg of feed, and 14.2% and 96 g/kg of feed, respectively. Winter hardiness of 12 accessions turned out to be 100%, with 80% in another 7 accessions.
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