Selected health parameters of people living in cities included into «Pure air» Federal Project

Abstract

Our research goal was to assess expected efficiency of «Pure air» Federal project with its activities aimed at reducing ambient air contamination and population health risks. We revealed that finding solutions to the project tasks on emissions reduction that had been set without taking into account peculiarities of city design, development, landscapes, meteorological conditions, and other factors, would not result in improved ambient air quality. Road and transport systems are to be modernized basing on transport flows modeling and application of calculations taking into account transport flows structure, speed, and intensity as well as some other parameters. Analysis of standardized mortality ratio (SMR) over 2000-2018 revealed the highest overall mortality in Chita against a reference city, Lipetsk; mortality due to respiratory organs diseases was higher in Bratsk, Krasnoyarsk, Magnitogorsk, Nizhniy Tagil, Novokuznetsk, Omsk, Chelyabinsk, Cherepovets, and Chita. Mortality caused by these diseases has been going down since 2007; starting from 2013, the highest mortality due to respiratory organs diseases has been registered in Krasnoyarsk. Long-term annual average SMR due to neoplasms is rather chaotic in most cities but it is persistently higher than in Lipetsk, the reference city; asymptomatic parameter (р<0.001) indicates discrepancies are valid. In some years, the highest SMR due to lung cancer among men was detected in cities with aluminum productions, such as Krasnoyarsk, Bratsk, Novokuznetsk, as well as in Chita. To assess efficiency of environmental policy aimed at improving ambient air quality in cities, it is necessary to perform epidemiologic activities, including assessment of asthma-like symptoms and bronchial asthma prevalence among children using an international standardized questionnaire and analysis of neoplasms frequency among various population groups.

Keywords

• ambient air
• emissions
• “pure air” federal project
• monitoring
• population health
• health risk assessment
• mortality
• bronchial asthma
• malignant neoplasms