Site-designed dual-active-center catalysts for co-catalysis in advanced oxidation processes

Abstract

Abstract Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) are promising for treating persistent pollutants, yet challenges arise due to the step-wise oxidants activation process, which traditional single-active-center catalysts struggle to facilitate effectively. Recently, dual-active-center catalysts have emerged as a solution by enabling synergistic reactions. This review covers advances in these catalysts, their co-catalytic mechanisms, and applications in electro-Fenton, photocatalytic, peroxymonosulfate-, and pollutant-as-electron-donor based Fenton-like processes, along with active site design considerations and future challenges.