Антиномии (Dec 2022)
Ethno-Cultural Justice and Multiculturalism
Abstract
Contemporary societies are characterized by cultural, ethnic and religious diversity, which creates the need to find fair principles for resolving differences arising on the basis of such diversity. The purpose of the article is to consider the validity of the concept of multiculturalism as a solution to the problem of ethno-cultural justice. The article criticizes the theses expressed in the scientific literature in defense of multiculturalism. In particular, it is demonstrated that: 1) tolerance inevitably has its limits set by a single political culture for all, 2) the value of cultural diversity (in particular, its importance for personal development) should not be exaggerated, while it should be correlated with other values; 3) it is not cultures that should be considered equal, but their bearers; and since the rights of groups are derived from the rights of individuals, it is impossible to postulate the inalienable right of each culture to preserve and develop. The specifics of the activation of ethnic and regional identities are analyzed, as well as alternative ways of multiculturalism to prevent interethnic and intercultural conflicts. At the same time, a number of argumentas are given, according to which the preservation and development of cultural diversity should still be ensured (the significance of these arguments is always conditional): 1) the relative value of cultural diversity as such; 2) the role of the protection of minority and indigenous peoples, immigrants and other communities with a unique culture in ensuring the political and social stability of states, peace and security; 3) the preservation of historical and cultural heritage; 4) correction of historical injustices (at the same time, the conditions under which affirmative action can be justified are called). A policy that takes into account these arguments is justified by the author as a healthy “soft” variant of multiculturalism.
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