The Nucleolus and Its Interactions with Viral Proteins Required for Successful Infection
José Manuel Ulloa-Aguilar,
Luis Herrera Moro Huitron,
Rocío Yazmin Benítez-Zeferino,
Jorge Francisco Cerna-Cortes,
Julio García-Cordero,
Guadalupe León-Reyes,
Edgar Rodrigo Guzman-Bautista,
Carlos Noe Farfan-Morales,
José Manuel Reyes-Ruiz,
Roxana U. Miranda-Labra,
Luis Adrián De Jesús-González,
Moises León-Juárez
Affiliations
José Manuel Ulloa-Aguilar
Laboratorio de Virología Perinatal y Diseño Molecular de Antígenos y Biomarcadores, Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
Luis Herrera Moro Huitron
Laboratorio de Virología Perinatal y Diseño Molecular de Antígenos y Biomarcadores, Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
Rocío Yazmin Benítez-Zeferino
Laboratorio de Virología Perinatal y Diseño Molecular de Antígenos y Biomarcadores, Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
Jorge Francisco Cerna-Cortes
Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologícas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
Julio García-Cordero
Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City 07360, Mexico
Guadalupe León-Reyes
Laboratorio de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
Edgar Rodrigo Guzman-Bautista
Laboratorio de Virología Perinatal y Diseño Molecular de Antígenos y Biomarcadores, Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
Carlos Noe Farfan-Morales
Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana (UAM), Unidad Cuajimalpa, Mexico City 05348, Mexico
José Manuel Reyes-Ruiz
Centro Médico Nacional “Adolfo Ruiz Cortines”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Veracruz 91897, Mexico
Roxana U. Miranda-Labra
Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09310, Mexico
Luis Adrián De Jesús-González
Unidad de Investigación Biomédica de Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico
Moises León-Juárez
Laboratorio de Virología Perinatal y Diseño Molecular de Antígenos y Biomarcadores, Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
Nuclear bodies are structures in eukaryotic cells that lack a plasma membrane and are considered protein condensates, DNA, or RNA molecules. Known nuclear bodies include the nucleolus, Cajal bodies, and promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies. These bodies are involved in the concentration, exclusion, sequestration, assembly, modification, and recycling of specific components involved in the regulation of ribosome biogenesis, RNA transcription, and RNA processing. Additionally, nuclear bodies have been shown to participate in cellular processes such as the regulation of transcription of the cell cycle, mitosis, apoptosis, and the cellular stress response. The dynamics and functions of these bodies depend on the state of the cell. It is now known that both DNA and RNA viruses can direct their proteins to nuclear bodies, causing alterations in their composition, dynamics, and functions. Although many of these mechanisms are still under investigation, it is well known that the interaction between viral and nuclear body proteins is necessary for the success of the viral infection cycle. In this review, we concisely describe the interaction between viral and nuclear body proteins. Furthermore, we focus on the role of the nucleolus in RNA virus infections. Finally, we discuss the possible implications of the interaction of viral proteins on cellular transcription and the formation/degradation of non-coding RNAs.