Raindrop Deformation in Turbulence

Abstract

Abstract The physical behavior of a falling raindrop is governed by delicate fluid dynamics and thermodynamics, and oscillates with time. Despite this time‐variant nature, past observational and simulation studies have aimed to generalize parameterizations for describing rain microphysics bearing the assumption that raindrops fall at terminal speeds with an equilibrium shape. However, the applicability of this hypothesis in a realistic atmosphere that is inherently turbulent remains an open question. Here, we employ novel retrieval techniques to quantify the impact of turbulence on raindrop microphysics using long‐term in situ observations with careful assessment of the wind effect. We find that raindrop microphysics increasingly deviate from the equilibrium state as the turbulence dissipation rate increases, and this effect is more pronounced for large raindrops. We present turbulence‐invoked rain microphysical parameterizations which shed light on the complex interactions between turbulence dynamics and raindrop microphysics.

Keywords

• raindrop microphysics
• turbulence
• raindrop shape
• raindrop oscillation
• raindrop canting angle
• raindrop fall speed