Observational study of intracranial pressure instability in patients with pseudotumour cerebri syndrome

Abstract

Introduction: A fixed CSF pressure (CSFp) of 25 cmH2O (18 mmHg) has been utilised to date to define and classify pseudotumour cerebri syndrome (PTCS). Furthermore, ICP monitoring, and CSF infusion tests have not been frequently performed in this group of patients. Research question: We aimed to report typical, unusual and unstable patterns of ICP in patients with PTCS. Material and methods: We reviewed the recordings of CSF infusion tests and overnight ICP monitoring of patients with suspected or confirmed IIH between January 2003–December 2020.We excluded all patients with a shunt in situ and selected recordings that represented unstable patterns of ICP changes in PTCS. Results: 463 CSF infusion tests and 26 ICP monitorings of PTCS patients had been performed in this timeframe. We divided results of observed pattern into two group: those with known venous sinus measurements (Group A) and those without (Group B). Observed recordings formed a total of 5 and 4 different patterns respectively, based on the behaviour of ICP and slow waves at rest, overnight, and during infusion as well as in relationship to the clinical presentation of each patient. Discussion and conclusion: Accurate monitoring of ICP in PTCS is quintessential. Full understanding of each element of its pathophysiology and their interaction would be essential and include quantification of the CSF pressure not only as a number, but also with consideration of its dynamic contents. Cerebral venous pressure measurements and/or monitoring may be useful. Consideration of the presence or absence of papilloedema in the context of disturbed CSF dynamics could reveal further diagnostic and therapeutic insights.

Keywords

• Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
• Pseudotumour cerebri syndrome
• Venous sinus pressure
• Sagittal sinus pressure
• Intracranial pressure
• CSF infusion test