Perturbation-Based Explainable AI for ECG Sensor Data

Abstract

Deep neural network models have produced significant results in solving various challenging tasks, including medical diagnostics. To increase the credibility of these black-box models in the eyes of doctors, it is necessary to focus on their explainability. Several papers have been published combining deep learning methods with selected types of explainability methods, usually aimed at analyzing medical image data, including ECG images. The ECG is specific because its image representation is only a secondary visualization of stream data from sensors. However, explainability methods for stream data are rarely investigated. Therefore, in this article we focus on the explainability of black-box models for stream data from 12-lead ECG. We designed and implemented a perturbation explainability method and verified it in a user study on a group of medical students with experience in ECG tagging in their final years of study. The results demonstrate the suitability of the proposed method, as well as the importance of including multiple data sources in the diagnostic process.

Keywords

• deep learning
• explainable AI
• ECG signals
• perturbation method