Acta Biomedica Scientifica (May 2013)
THE STATE OF HEALTH OF CHILDREN, SYSTEMATICALLY ENGAGED IN SPORTS
Abstract
Physical training and sport encourage the growth and development processes in optimal way The main aim of sport in this period of mass character is children's health promotion. The 3-year prospective investigations of preventive examinations results were conducted in 1210 athletes, engaged in schools of physical culture in Yekaterinburg city. Athletes engaged in mass kinds of sports (football, basketball, volleyball, tennis, gymnastics, ski races, track and field athletics, diving, figure skating, aerobics) were included in the study according to the sickness rate, physical development and morbidity. 58,9 % of childrens have an average height, 71,9 % - body weight corresponding to the height, 76,4 % - lung capacity of average or above the average value, 88,7 % - arm strength of average or above the average value. With the years the rate of athletes with body weight and arm strength of average or below the average value and with average value of lung capacity (р < 0,05) increases. For 3years the sickness rate was increased from 63,0 ± 1,4 to 73,9 ± 1,7 cases for 100 persons. In this structure the leading places are occupied by diseases of musculoskeletal system mainly because of the flat feet and scoliosis (25,8 ± 1,8), diseases of the eye and its appendages and diseases of circulatory system (5,8 ± 0,5) - because of the heart rate. Highest incidence was observed in soccer players and gymnasts. With the increase in the level of morbidity is observed the decrease of the index of health, or the percentage of children who do not have pathological deviations and chronic diseases: from 36,2 ± 2,1 % to 25,3 ± 2,8 % in the third examination. Among involved in gymnastics and football frequency of blood circulation system diseases is higher in comparison with the sportsmen of other kinds of sport. Lower incidence in other skaters and combative sports. Athletes have more self-esteem health than students of secondary schools, as well as a higher level of injury. The results indicate that exercise stimulates the processes of growth and development and promote the formation of their harmonious morphological status, and high self-rated health. However, the pressing tasks are monitoring the nature and mode of sports loadings, conditions of the training process of the trainers and medical staff, attention, medical rehabilitation and correction of the training process to the athletes with disabilities in health. Topical in separate kinds of sport is a high incidence of and complaints of poor health as a consequence of sports overloads.
