Efficacy and safety of EBUS‐TBNA under conscious sedation with meperidine and midazolam

Abstract

Abstract Background According to the guidelines, endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) is the technique of choice for the diagnosis of mediastinal involvement in lung cancer; it is also useful for other mediastinal malignancies and benign pathology. Nevertheless, there is still discussion about whether to perform it under general anesthesia or under conscious sedation. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of all patients who underwent EBUS‐TBNA under conscious sedation with up to 1 mg/kg of meperidine and up to 0.15 mg/kg of midazolam in the Interventional Pulmonology Unit of the Azienda USL‐IRCCS Santa Maria Nuova of Reggio Emilia during 2 consecutive years. Demographic data, indication for the procedure, duration, number of lymph node sampled, number of passes per station, diagnostic yield, drugs dosage, questionnaire score, and complications were collected. Results A total of 302 patients underwent EBUS‐TBNA, and 68% of the patients were males and the mean age was 65 ± 13 years old. The average duration of procedures was 24.4 minutes and the mean dosage of drugs was 4.32 ± 1.52 mg for midazolam and 50.86 ± 13.71 mg for meperidine. The mean number of lymph nodes sampled per patient was 1.75 ± 0.82, and each patient received an average of 4.71 ± 1.78 passes. A total of 90.7% of patients completed the procedures, 85% had adequate samples, and 94.4% of patients declared with Likert's questionnaire that they strongly agree to repeat the test if necessary. Conclusion EBUS‐TBNA performed under conscious sedation with meperidine and midazolam is feasible and well‐tolerated and has a similar diagnostic yield of that reported in literature.

Keywords

• bronchoscopy
• EBUS‐TBNA
• meperidine
• midazolam
• sedation