Positive Material Identification testing of dental implant to correlate their compositions with allergic conditions

Abstract

Background: Rapid increase of products containing titanium leads to the increases in percutaneous and permucosal exposure of populations to the titanium. Purpose: Evaluate the various material compositions in five commercially available dental implant systems and correlate the obtained material contents with allergic conditions seen with implants. Material and methods: A total of 25 implant, with 5 samples each in 5 groups of commercially available dental implants (MKIII, Myriad, Nobel Replace, MIS and Alpha Dent) were used in the study. Positive Material Identification (PMI) testing was done to analyse the amount of different metals (percentage by mass) present in the dental implants. Results: Highest titanium content, 99.47% by mass was found in sample 2 (Myriad) and least, 89.04% by mass in sample 5(Alpha dent). Nickel was found only in sample 5 (Alpha dent) in 0.079% by mass and zinc in sample 4 (MIS) in0.084% by mass, chromium was found in sample 1 (MK III) in 0.263% by mass and in sample 2 in0.273% by mass. Conclusions: Implant composition should be made mandatory to be disclosed on the implant packet and before implant placement patch test for the allergen present in the particular implant can be done for the patient's health benefit and long term clinical success of dental implants.

Keywords

• Dental implant
• Metal allergy
• Patch test
• Positive material identification
• Titanium allergy