Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas (Apr 2022)
[Translated article] Epidemiology of Melanoma in Spain: Estimation of Number of Patients With Stage III Disease Eligible for Adjuvant Therapies
Abstract
Background and objective: Accurate information on the incidence of melanoma by stage and a better understanding of transition between stages are important for determining the burden of disease and assessing the impact of new adjuvant therapies on recurrence and survival. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence rates of the various stages of melanoma in Spain and the number of patients with stage III disease who are eligible for adjuvant systemic therapies. Materials and method: We built an epidemiological model using prospectively collected data from patients diagnosed with de novo or recurrent melanoma between 2012 and 2016 in the melanoma units of 4 public hospitals. Results: The estimated crude incidence rates for stage I and II melanoma were 7 and 2.9 cases per 100 000 person-years, respectively. The corresponding rates for stage III and IV melanoma were 1.9 and 1.3 cases per 100 000 person-years; 25.8% of patients with stage III melanoma were stage IIIA, 47% were stage IIIB, and 27.3% were stage IIIC. The respective estimated incidence rates for recurrent stage III and IV melanoma were 1.1 and 0.9 cases per 100 000 person-years. Overall, 54% of patients with recurrent stage III melanoma had progressed from stage I or II; the other cases corresponded to changes in substage. Of the patients with stage III melanoma, 85% of those with a de novo diagnosis and 80% of those who had relapsed had resectable disease, meaning they were eligible for adjuvant therapy; 47% of these patients had a BRAF mutation. Conclusions: The above estimates could have a major impact on health care resource planning. Assessing the number of patients with melanoma who are eligible for adjuvant therapies in melanoma could help decision-makers and clinicians anticipate future needs for the management of this disease. Resumen: Antecedentes y objetivo: Para estimar la carga real del melanoma y el impacto de las nuevas terapias adyuvantes sobre las recaídas y la supervivencia, se precisa conocer con mayor exactitud la incidencia por estadios y analizar la transición entre ellos. Este estudio pretende estimar dicha incidencia y determinar el número de pacientes en estadio III que podrían beneficiarse del tratamiento sistémico adyuvante en España. Materiales y método: Se elaboró un modelo epidemiológico basado en datos de pacientes diagnosticados de melanoma o en recaída, recogidos prospectivamente durante 2012-2016 por cuatro unidades de melanoma de centros sanitarios públicos. Resultados: Las tasas brutas de incidencia estimadas para estadios I y II se situaron en 7 y 2,9 casos por 100.000 personas-año, respectivamente. Para estadio III se estimó en 1,9 (25,8% en IIIA, 47% en IIIB, y 27,3% en IIIC), siendo la de estadio IV de 1,3. La tasa de recaídas en estadio III se estimó en 1,1, siendo para estadio IV de 0,9. El 54% de recaídas a estadio III procedían de estadios I/II, mientras que el resto progresaban desde subestadios III. En estadio III, un 85% de nuevos diagnósticos y un 80% de recaídas fueron resecables, por tanto, candidatos a adyuvancia, de los cuales el 47% presentaba mutación en BRAF. Conclusiones: Estas estimaciones podrían tener un impacto importante en la planificación de los recursos sanitarios. La proyección en el número de potenciales candidatos a adyuvancia puede ayudar a decisores y clínicos a anticiparse a futuras necesidades en el manejo del melanoma.
