Natural pentafuranosylnucleos(t)ides and their analogs: structure, functions, synthesis, and perspective of medical application

Abstract

Pentafuranosylnucleos(t)ides represent a class of natural compounds regulating diverse cell functions being preferably components of biopolymers and also participating as cyclic regulatory low-molecular ligands. Disaccharide nucleosides and related analogs are considered as therapeutically potent compounds for the treatment of cancer, viral diseases, and a variety of metabolic disorders by mimicking a structure of biochemically occurring molecules participating in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) transformation. Several approaches have been developed on the way to the chemical synthesis of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) (PAR), a unique biopolymer taking part in DNA repair and associated functions, that would allow extensive studies of molecular mechanisms of a variety of diseases. The present review consists of the following main parts, the first one including structural characterization, biochemical roles, and chemical synthesis of disaccharide nucleosides from different sources and biopolymers on their basis, the second one describing therapeutic applications of disaccharide nucleosides and their analogs. General conclusion and perspectives are summarized in the last part.

Keywords

• disaccharide nucleosides
• trna
• nad+
• poly(adp-ribose)
• adenosine diphosphate ribose