The Astrophysical Journal (Jan 2024)
SN 2022oqm: A Bright and Multipeaked Calcium-rich Transient
- S. Karthik Yadavalli,
- V. Ashley Villar,
- Luca Izzo,
- Yossef Zenati,
- Ryan J. Foley,
- J. Craig Wheeler,
- Charlotte R. Angus,
- Dominik Bánhidi,
- Katie Auchettl,
- Barna Imre Bíró,
- Attila Bódi,
- Zsófia Bodola,
- Thomas de Boer,
- Kenneth C. Chambers,
- Ryan Chornock,
- David A. Coulter,
- István Csányi,
- Borbála Cseh,
- Srujan Dandu,
- Kyle W. Davis,
- Connor Braden Dickinson,
- Diego Farias,
- Joseph Farah,
- Christa Gall,
- Hua Gao,
- D. Andrew Howell,
- Wynn V. Jacobson-Galan,
- Nandita Khetan,
- Charles D. Kilpatrick,
- Réka Könyves-Tóth,
- Levente Kriskovics,
- Natalie LeBaron,
- Kayla Loertscher,
- X. K. Le Saux,
- Raffaella Margutti,
- Eugene A. Magnier,
- Curtis McCully,
- Peter McGill,
- Hao-Yu Miao,
- Megan Newsome,
- Estefania Padilla Gonzalez,
- András Pál,
- Boróka H. Pál,
- Yen-Chen Pan,
- Collin A. Politsch,
- Conor L. Ransome,
- Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz,
- Armin Rest,
- Sofia Rest,
- Olivia Robinson,
- Huei Sears,
- Jackson Scheer,
- Ádám Sódor,
- Jonathan Swift,
- Péter Székely,
- Róbert Szakáts,
- Tamás Szalai,
- Kirsty Taggart,
- Giacomo Terreran,
- Padma Venkatraman,
- József Vinkó,
- Grace Yang,
- Henry Zhou
Affiliations
- S. Karthik Yadavalli
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138-1516, USA
- V. Ashley Villar
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138-1516, USA
- Luca Izzo
- ORCiD
- DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 128, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Yossef Zenati
- ORCiD
- Physics and Astronomy Department, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Ryan J. Foley
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- J. Craig Wheeler
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin , 2515 Speedway Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712-1205, USA
- Charlotte R. Angus
- ORCiD
- DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 128, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Dominik Bánhidi
- Baja Astronomical Observatory of University of Szeged , Szegedi út Kt. 766, Baja 6500, Hungary
- Katie Auchettl
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; School of Physics, The University of Melbourne , VIC 3010, Australia
- Barna Imre Bíró
- Baja Astronomical Observatory of University of Szeged , Szegedi út Kt. 766, Baja 6500, Hungary; HUN-REN–SZTE Stellar Astrophysics Research Group , Szegedi út Kt. 766, Baja 6500, Hungary
- Attila Bódi
- ORCiD
- Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences , Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, 1121, Hungary; CSFK, MTA Centre of Excellence , Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, 1121, Hungary; MTA CSFK Lendület Near-Field Cosmology Research Group , Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, Budapest 1121, Hungary
- Zsófia Bodola
- Department of Experimental Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Szeged , Dóm tér 9, Szeged 6720, Hungary
- Thomas de Boer
- ORCiD
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- Kenneth C. Chambers
- ORCiD
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- Ryan Chornock
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA
- David A. Coulter
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- István Csányi
- Baja Astronomical Observatory of University of Szeged , Szegedi út Kt. 766, Baja 6500, Hungary
- Borbála Cseh
- ORCiD
- Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences , Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, 1121, Hungary; CSFK, MTA Centre of Excellence , Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, 1121, Hungary; MTA CSFK Lendület “Momentum” Milky Way Research Group , Hungary
- Srujan Dandu
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Kyle W. Davis
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Connor Braden Dickinson
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Diego Farias
- ORCiD
- DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 128, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Joseph Farah
- ORCiD
- Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network , Goleta, CA 93117, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Christa Gall
- ORCiD
- DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 128, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Hua Gao
- ORCiD
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- D. Andrew Howell
- ORCiD
- Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network , Goleta, CA 93117, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Wynn V. Jacobson-Galan
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA
- Nandita Khetan
- ORCiD
- DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 128, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland , 4101, Australia
- Charles D. Kilpatrick
- ORCiD
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University , Evanston, IL 60202, USA
- Réka Könyves-Tóth
- ORCiD
- Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences , Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, 1121, Hungary; CSFK, MTA Centre of Excellence , Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, 1121, Hungary; Department of Experimental Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Szeged , Dóm tér 9, Szeged 6720, Hungary; ELTE Eötvös Loránd University , Gothard Astrophysical Observatory, Szent Imre herceg út 112, Szombathely 9700, Hungary
- Levente Kriskovics
- ORCiD
- Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences , Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, 1121, Hungary; CSFK, MTA Centre of Excellence , Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, 1121, Hungary
- Natalie LeBaron
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA
- Kayla Loertscher
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- X. K. Le Saux
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Raffaella Margutti
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Eugene A. Magnier
- ORCiD
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- Curtis McCully
- ORCiD
- Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network , Goleta, CA 93117, USA
- Peter McGill
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Hao-Yu Miao
- ORCiD
- Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University , 300 Zhongda Road, Zhongli, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
- Megan Newsome
- ORCiD
- Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network , Goleta, CA 93117, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Estefania Padilla Gonzalez
- ORCiD
- Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network , Goleta, CA 93117, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- András Pál
- ORCiD
- Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences , Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, 1121, Hungary; CSFK, MTA Centre of Excellence , Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, 1121, Hungary; ELTE Eötvös Loránd University , Institute of Physics and Astronomy, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest 1117, Hungary
- Boróka H. Pál
- Department of Experimental Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Szeged , Dóm tér 9, Szeged 6720, Hungary
- Yen-Chen Pan
- ORCiD
- Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University , 300 Zhongda Road, Zhongli, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
- Collin A. Politsch
- ORCiD
- Institute of Astronomy and Kavli Institute for Cosmology , Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UK
- Conor L. Ransome
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138-1516, USA
- Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Armin Rest
- ORCiD
- Physics and Astronomy Department, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Space Telescope Science Institute , Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Sofia Rest
- ORCiD
- Physics and Astronomy Department, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Space Telescope Science Institute , Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Olivia Robinson
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Huei Sears
- ORCiD
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University , Evanston, IL 60202, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University , Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Jackson Scheer
- ORCiD
- Thacher School , 5025 Thacher Road, Ojai, CA 93203, USA
- Ádám Sódor
- ORCiD
- Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences , Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, 1121, Hungary; CSFK, MTA Centre of Excellence , Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, 1121, Hungary; MTA CSFK Lendület Near-Field Cosmology Research Group , Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, Budapest 1121, Hungary
- Jonathan Swift
- ORCiD
- Thacher School , 5025 Thacher Road, Ojai, CA 93203, USA
- Péter Székely
- HUN-REN–SZTE Stellar Astrophysics Research Group , Szegedi út Kt. 766, Baja 6500, Hungary; Department of Experimental Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Szeged , Dóm tér 9, Szeged 6720, Hungary
- Róbert Szakáts
- ORCiD
- Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences , Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, 1121, Hungary; CSFK, MTA Centre of Excellence , Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, 1121, Hungary
- Tamás Szalai
- ORCiD
- HUN-REN–SZTE Stellar Astrophysics Research Group , Szegedi út Kt. 766, Baja 6500, Hungary; Department of Experimental Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Szeged , Dóm tér 9, Szeged 6720, Hungary; MTA-ELTE Lendület “Momentum” Milky Way Research Group , Hungary
- Kirsty Taggart
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Giacomo Terreran
- ORCiD
- Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network , Goleta, CA 93117, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Padma Venkatraman
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA
- József Vinkó
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin , 2515 Speedway Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712-1205, USA; Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences , Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, 1121, Hungary; CSFK, MTA Centre of Excellence , Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, 1121, Hungary; Department of Experimental Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Szeged , Dóm tér 9, Szeged 6720, Hungary; ELTE Eötvös Loránd University , Institute of Physics and Astronomy, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest 1117, Hungary
- Grace Yang
- ORCiD
- Thacher School , 5025 Thacher Road, Ojai, CA 93203, USA
- Henry Zhou
- ORCiD
- Thacher School , 5025 Thacher Road, Ojai, CA 93203, USA
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad5a7c
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 972,
no. 2
p. 194
Abstract
We present the photometric and spectroscopic evolution of SN 2022oqm, a nearby multipeaked hydrogen- and helium-weak calcium-rich transient (CaRT). SN 2022oqm was detected 13.1 kpc from its host galaxy, the face-on spiral galaxy NGC 5875. Extensive spectroscopic coverage reveals an early hot ( T ≥ 40,000 K) continuum and carbon features observed ∼1 day after discovery, SN Ic-like photospheric-phase spectra, and strong forbidden calcium emission starting 38 days after discovery. SN 2022oqm has a relatively high peak luminosity ( M _B = −17 mag) for CaRTs, making it an outlier in the population. We determine that three power sources are necessary to explain the light curve (LC), with each corresponding to a distinct peak. The first peak is powered by an expanding blackbody with a power-law luminosity, suggesting shock cooling by circumstellar material (CSM). Subsequent LC evolution is powered by a double radioactive decay model, consistent with two sources of photons diffusing through optically thick ejecta. From the LC, we derive an ejecta mass and ^56 Ni mass of ∼0.6 M _⊙ and ∼0.09 M _⊙ . Spectroscopic modeling ∼0.6 M _⊙ of ejecta, and with well-mixed Fe-peak elements throughout. We discuss several physical origins for SN 2022oqm and find either a surprisingly massive white dwarf progenitor or a peculiar stripped envelope model could explain SN 2022oqm. A stripped envelope explosion inside a dense, hydrogen- and helium-poor CSM, akin to SNe Icn, but with a large 56Ni mass and small CSM mass could explain SN 2022oqm. Alternatively, helium detonation on an unexpectedly massive white dwarf could also explain SN 2022oqm.
Keywords
