Experimental study on Ion Exchange Rate of Calcium Hardness in Water softening process Using Strong Acid Resin DOWEX HCR S/S

Abstract

Water Softening process is one of the techniques used to minimize the hardness of drinking water by exchanging the present of hardness ions especially Mg+2 and Ca+2 ions by Na+1 ion. For this purpose, strong cationic resin can be used, which is efficient in separation method applied in water treatment. The aim of the present work was to determine the efficient flow of softening column (softener), and to specify the best properties of resin which included the particle size at constant ambient temperature ( 270 C) and pH = 7.2 . This study was concentrated on the behavior of Ca+2 ion by passing CaCl2 solution with certain concentrations over cationic resin of type (DOWEX HCR S/S) to replace the Ca+2 ion by Na+1 on in feed solution to produce NaCl. Process parameters investigated were: concentration, flow of feed , the size of a certain type of cationic resin , the effect of superficial velocity rate and the diameter of resin bed.