Experimental study of the performance of liquid cooling tank used for single-phase immersion cooling data center

Abstract

High efficiency cooling method in data center (DC), such as single-phase immersion cooling system, has received more attention. For practical application, serval servers would be placed in a liquid cooling tank where the coolant should be evenly transferred to every server. Therefore, the performance of liquid cooling tank is curial to the operation of DC, especially for the temperature uniformity among GPUs. In this study, the liquid cooling tank was designed and the impact of inlet temperature, coolant flowrate, and the load ratio of server on the performance was experimentally conducted. Results showed that, decreasing inlet temperature of coolant and the load ratio of GPUs, and increasing the flowrate are benefit to decrease the average GPU temperature. The decrease of dynamic viscosity and the increase of thermal conductivity is also helpful to the heat exchange. When the inlet temperature increased from 20 °C to 50 °C, the outlet temperature was increased by 30 °C; however, the average GPU temperature was only increased by 21 °C. The designed liquid cooling tank showed a good temperature uniformity, where the temperature deviation was within 5 °C and the square deviation was in the range of 1.0–1.5.

Keywords

• Liquid cooling tank
• Temperature uniformity
• Single-phase immersion cooling
• Data center