Investigation of Spatiotemporal Profiles of Single-Pulse TMS-Evoked Potentials with Active Stimulation Compared with a Novel Sham Condition
Mayuko Takano,
Masataka Wada,
Reza Zomorrodi,
Keita Taniguchi,
Xuemei Li,
Shiori Honda,
Yui Tobari,
Yu Mimura,
Shinichiro Nakajima,
Ryosuke Kitahata,
Masaru Mimura,
Zafiris J. Daskalakis,
Daniel M. Blumberger,
Yoshihiro Noda
Affiliations
Mayuko Takano
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
Masataka Wada
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
Reza Zomorrodi
Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
Keita Taniguchi
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
Xuemei Li
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
Shiori Honda
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
Yui Tobari
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
Yu Mimura
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
Shinichiro Nakajima
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
Ryosuke Kitahata
Shinjuku-Yoyogi Mental Lab Clinic, Tokyo 151-0051, Japan
Masaru Mimura
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
Zafiris J. Daskalakis
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
Daniel M. Blumberger
Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
Yoshihiro Noda
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
Identifying genuine cortical stimulation-elicited electroencephalography (EEG) is crucial for improving the validity and reliability of neurophysiology using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) combined with EEG. In this study, we evaluated the spatiotemporal profiles of single-pulse TMS-elicited EEG response administered to the left dorsal prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in 28 healthy participants, employing active and sham stimulation conditions. We hypothesized that the early component of TEP would be activated in active stimulation compared with sham stimulation. We specifically analyzed the (1) stimulus response, (2) frequency modulation, and (3) phase synchronization of TMS–EEG data at the sensor level and the source level. Compared with the sham condition, the active condition induced a significant increase in TMS-elicited EEG power in the 30–60 ms time interval in the stimulation area at the sensor level. Furthermore, in the source-based analysis, the active condition induced significant increases in TMS-elicited response in the 30–60 ms compared with the sham condition. Collectively, we found that the active condition could specifically activate the early component of TEP compared with the sham condition. Thus, the TMS–EEG method that was applied to the DLPFC could detect the genuine neurophysiological cortical responses by properly handling potential confounding factors such as indirect response noises.
