Involvement of circRNA Regulators MBNL1 and QKI in the Progression of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

Objectives To investigate the role of circRNA regulators MBNL1 and QKI in the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Background MBNL1 and QKI are pivotal regulators of pre-mRNA alternative splicing, crucial for controlling circRNA production – an emerging biomarker and functional regulator of tumor progression. Despite their recognized roles, their involvement in ESCC progression remains unexplored. Methods The expression levels of MBNL1 and QKI were examined in 28 tissue pairs from ESCC and adjacent normal tissues using data from the GEO database. Additionally, a total of 151 ESCC tissue samples, from stage T1 to T4, consisting of 13, 43, 87, and 8 cases per stage, respectively, were utilized for immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. RNA sequencing was utilized to examine the expression profiles of circRNAs, lncRNAs, and mRNAs across 3 normal tissues, 3 ESCC tissues, and 3 pairs of KYSE150 cells in both wildtype (WT) and those with MBNL1 or QKI knockouts. Transwell, colony formation, and subcutaneous tumorigenesis assays assessed the impact of MBNL1 or QKI knockout on ESCC cell migration, invasion, and proliferation. Results ESCC onset significantly altered MBNL1 and QKI expression levels, influencing diverse RNA species. Elevated MBNL1 or QKI expression correlated with patient age or tumor invasion depth, respectively. MBNL1 or QKI knockout markedly enhanced cancer cell migration, invasion, proliferation, and tumor growth. Moreover, the absence of either MBNL1 or QKI modulated the expression profiles of multiple circRNAs, causing extensive downstream alterations in the expression of numerous lncRNAs and mRNAs. While the functions of circRNA and lncRNA among the top 20 differentially expressed genes remain unclear, mRNAs like SLCO4C1, TMPRSS15, and MAGEB2 have reported associations with tumor progression. Conclusions This study underscores the tumor-suppressive roles of MBNL1 and QKI in ESCC, proposing them as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ESCC diagnosis and treatment.