High-Rate Capability of LiNi<sub>0.9</sub>Mn<sub>0.1−x</sub>Al<sub>x</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NMA) (x = 0.01, 0.03, 0.05) as Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Lukman Noerochim,
Elsanti Anggraini Gunawan,
Sungging Pintowantoro,
Haniffudin Nurdiansah,
Ariiq Dzurriat Adam,
Nurul Hayati Idris
Affiliations
Lukman Noerochim
Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
Elsanti Anggraini Gunawan
Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
Sungging Pintowantoro
Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
Haniffudin Nurdiansah
Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
Ariiq Dzurriat Adam
Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
Nurul Hayati Idris
Energy Storage Research Group, Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
LiNi0.9Mn0.1−xAlxO2 (NMA) (x = 0.01, 0.03, 0.05) cathodes were synthesized via the co-precipitation method and continued with the calcination process in a tube furnace at 750 °C under flowing oxygen gas for 12 h. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed a well-formed and high-purity phase with a hexagonal structure. LiNi0.9Mn0.07Al0.03O2 (NMA 973) had the best electrochemical performance with the lowest redox peak separation, the smallest charge transfer resistance (71.58 Ω cm−2), the highest initial specific discharge capacity of 172 mAh g−1 at 0.1C, and a capacity retention of 98% after 100 cycles. Under high current density at 1 C, NMA 973 had excellent specific discharge capacity compared to the other samples. The optimal content of Mn and Al elements is a crucial factor to obtain the best electrochemical performance of NMA. Therefore, NMA 973 is a promising candidate as a cathode for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries.
