Prevalence of Apical Periodontitis in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract

Objective: This systematic review was aimed to assess the prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) in Saudi Arabia, focusing on individual-level prevalence and the frequency of AP in endodontically versus untreated teeth. Methods: This review followed the PRISMA guidelines and involved searches in several databases, including PubMed-MEDLINE, Cochrane-CENTRAL, and EMBASE, without date restrictions until August 19th, 2023. Eligibility criteria encompassed studies using CBCT, panoramic, and periapical radiographs to diagnose AP in the Saudi population. The meta-analysis employed a random-effects model due to high heterogeneity among studies. Results: From 359 records, 13 studies were included, indicating a 40% prevalence of AP in individuals and a 6% prevalence across all teeth within the Saudi population. Root canal-treated teeth demonstrated a higher prevalence at 47%. The data revealed a substantial prevalence of AP compared to global averages, with first molars being the most affected. Studies showed moderate risk of bias and significant heterogeneity. Conclusion: The high occurrence of AP in Saudi Arabia, particularly in root-treated teeth, emphasizes the need for enhanced endodontic care and more accurate diagnostics. Urgent improvements in dental health policies and further research are essential to understand AP’s impact and improve oral health outcomes.

Keywords

• Periapical lesion
• Epidemiology
• Prevalence
• Saudi Arabia
• Systematic review