Association of a cross section survery sleep chronotype, sleep duration, and depression among adolescents in communition of Chongqing city

Abstract

ObjectiveTo understand the current status of sleep chronotype, sleep duration, and depression among adolescents in Chongqing municipality, and explore the relationship between sleep chronotype, sleep duration, and depression. MethodsFrom December 2021 to January 2022, a total of 4 427 middle and high school students in Chongqing were selected using stratified cluster sampling. The reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to assess the current status of adolescent sleep chronotype and depression. Chi-square tests were used to analyze the relationship between different demographic characteristics, sleep, and depression. Binary logistic regression models were used to explore the relationship between sleep chronotype, sleep duration, and depression. ResultsThe incidence of depressive symptoms among adolescents was 19.90%. The proportions of morning type (M-type), intermediate type (N-type), and evening type (E-type) sleep chronotypes were 17.44%, 62.16%, and 20.40%, respectively. Insufficient sleep accounted for 75.18%. Adolescents who were female, had poor family economic status, had heavy academic burden, had intermediate or evening sleep chronotypes, and had insufficient sleep were at higher risk of developing depressive symptoms. ConclusionIntermediate type, evening type, and insufficient sleep are risk factors for the occurrence of depression among adolescents in Chongqing municipality. Early intervention in adolescent sleep can reduce the risk of depression.

Keywords

• adolescents
• sleep chronotype
• depression
• sleep duration
• chongqing city