Интеллект. Инновации. Инвестиции (May 2020)
Condition, problems and trends of technological development in Russia
Abstract
Today, technological development appears in several forms: on the one hand, it is an objective consequence of scientific and technological progress, on the other hand, it is an instrument that should lead to the accelerated socio-economic development of the country and increase the well-being of society. For Russia, ensuring technological development is paramount. However, despite the goals stated in the strategic documents of the Russian government, the state of the level of technological development of Russia in comparison with other countries of the world is not satisfactory. In a condition of the digital transformation of the economy and the unconditional desire for an innovative economic model, this issue is particularly relevant for Russia. Radical technological changes are currently the main driver of overcoming the crisis and the transition to an innovative economy. Russia is lagging behind in the global market in terms of technological development. The analysis of the situation shows that there is a serious gap between the planned and actual level, which leads to difficult problems for Russia on the path of technological development in the near future. The aim of the study is to attract the attention of researchers to the discussion of the identification of the state of technological development of the country, modernization of models of technological development and search for tools for intensification of technological development in Russia. The article presents a retrospective of economic and technological development theories, their main ideas and limitations. Considerable attention is paid to the analysis of the essence of the main economic categories of the research field and related approaches to assessing the level of technological development of the country. The authors identified and systematized the features of Russia’s technological development in comparison with other countries of the world, analyzed the main problems and limitations of technological development in Russia at the present time. The use of the system and structural analysis, the connection of historical and logical, the analysis of actual and statistical material ensured the objectivity of the conclusions. The main results are related to the identification of the categories «technology» and «technological development», the systematization of theoretical and practical research experience on this issue, the identification of the state of the level of technological development in Russia and the assessment of its problems and prospects. The results of the study can be taken into account in the development of macroeconomic policy, used as a theoretical basis for further research of technological changes and their impact on economic development and economic growth.
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