Phenolic Profiles and Biological Activities of Extracts from Edible Wild Fruits <i>Ehretia tinifolia</i> and <i>Sideroxylon lanuginosum</i>
Imelda N. Monroy-García,
Irma Edith Carranza-Torres,
Pilar Carranza-Rosales,
María Oyón-Ardoiz,
Ignacio García-Estévez,
Jesús Fernando Ayala-Zavala,
Javier Morán-Martínez,
Ezequiel Viveros-Valdez
Affiliations
Imelda N. Monroy-García
Deparatmento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Pedro de Alba S/N, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico
Irma Edith Carranza-Torres
Deparatmento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Pedro de Alba S/N, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico
Pilar Carranza-Rosales
Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Jesús Dionisio González #501, Col. Independencia, Monterrey 64720, Nuevo León, Mexico
María Oyón-Ardoiz
Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, E37007 Salamanca, Spain
Ignacio García-Estévez
Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, E37007 Salamanca, Spain
Jesús Fernando Ayala-Zavala
Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico
Javier Morán-Martínez
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila Unidad Torreón, Gregorio A. García No. 198, Torreón 27000, Coahuila, Mexico
Ezequiel Viveros-Valdez
Deparatmento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Pedro de Alba S/N, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico
Ehretia tinifolia Linnaeus (Boraginacea) and Sideroxylon lanuginosum Michaux (Sapotaceae) are wild fruits consumed in North America and are appreciated for their pleasant flavor and sweet taste. However, details regarding their composition and biological properties in the available literature are scarce. This study reports the phenolic composition, antioxidant, antiproliferative activities, and digestive enzymatic inhibition of amberlite-retained methanolic extracts from both fruits. Results revealed that these wild fruit extracts are rich in antioxidants. S. lanuginosum had lower phenolic but higher flavonoid contents (21.4 ± 1.5 mg GAE/100 g FW and 6.42 ± 0.9 mg CE/100 g FW) than E. tinifolia (64.7 ± 2.6 mg GAE/100 g FW and 5.1 ± 0.4 mg CE/100 g FW). HPLC-DAD-MS/MS analysis showed rosmarinic acid as a major polyphenol in E. tinifolia and quercetin glucoside in S. lanuginosum. Polyphenols content in E. tinifolia was related to a significant free radical scavenging ability: DPPH (EC50 = 0.32 ± 0.03 mg/mL), TEAC (4134 ± 9.7 μM TE/g dry extract), and hemolysis inhibition (IC50 = 58.55 ± 2.4 μg/mL). Both extracts were capable of inhibiting α-glucosidase, partially inhibiting α-amylase, and showed no inhibition against lipase, while showing antiproliferative activity against HeLa, HT-29 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. Our study revealed that these wild fruit extracts are rich in health-beneficial phytochemicals and hold significant potential for elaborating functional foods.
