Religioonilis-maagiliste tavade uurimise probleeme Venemaal 20. sajandi lõpus ja 21. sajandi alguses Siberi šamanismi ainetel

Abstract

Russia in the Post-perestroika period has provided abundant material for studying the transformation of traditional culture and the rise of new forms of tradition, especially in the field of religion and magic. The author analyses the most recent material collected from Southern Siberia. This reconstructed revival may play an important part in the attempts of national intelligentsia to recreate traditional religion, one which is based on shamanism. The development of the Siberian shamanic tradition has brought along various processes that have triggered its revival. If we regard the development of the tradition in the general religious-historic context, then the processes are social, economical, political and religious, etc. The most important aspects are the national and cultural revival. The native cultural and political elite attempt to revive shamanic practices, and, even more importantly, make efforts to give shamanism the official status of traditional religion. This has already been acknowledged in the republics of Buryat, Yakut and Tuva. Shamanism is essentially a mixture of beliefs and practices, and it also has to withstand new trends in magic: it is forced to compete with folk healing, which is a growing practice, where healers combine extensive knowledge and traditions analogous to shamanic wisdom with professional medical skills. The revival of the tradition has been very impetuous. In most regions, several processes have merged the development of traditional shamanic practices and the entire tradition, their natural and reconstructed revival.