ANTAGONISTIC POTENTIAL OF NATURAL ISOLATES OF TRICHODERMA SP. REGARDING NEW ECONOMICALLY SIGNIFICANT MICROPATHOGENES OF GRAPES IN WESTERN CISCAUCASIA

Abstract

Studies conducted worldwide on different crops, including the grape, show the expansion of species variety in micropathogens through the emergence of new species in Alternaria Nees, 1817, and Fusarium Link, 1809 genera. The Fusarium pathogenic species attack grape buds and bunches and cause an average mass reduction of 12.8% to 60.3% and a bunch length reduction of 7.7% to 39.4%. This negatively affects the quality of grape products and the tradability of table grapes in particular. The Alternaria Nees, 1817 fungi are a part of grapes necrotic spot pathocomplex and can cause a photosynthetic potential decrease, consequently reducing the yield per bush by 18% to 27 % and the sugar content by 6.1% to 9.1%. The fungi genus Trichoderma Pers., 1801 can be efficient against such biopathogenes. This study aims to examine the Trichoderma spp. culture obtained from native ampelocenoses of the Western Ciscaucasia in vitro in the context of Fusarium generative organs wilt (Fusarium proliferatum F-41/1, F. oxysporum F-117) and necrotic spot (Alternaria sp. 425-3) pathogenes to identify the strains showing the greatest antagonistic potential. We established that the Trichoderma spp. T-441/1 strain has the most active antagonizing effect against Fusarium spp., whereas the T-404-1 strain is the most effective against Alternaria sp.

Keywords

• antimycotic activity
• antagonistic strains
• new diseases
• ampelocenoses
• fusarium wilt
• mecrotic spot disease