Diagnostic Protocol, Outcomes and Future Perspectives of the Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data Systems (VI-RADS), a Narrative Review

Abstract

Bladder cancer (BC) is common worldwide, and has aggressive features and high rates of relapse despite treatments. Approximately 30% of patients present with muscle invasive disease, and therefore, high risk of metastasis. This review provides an overview of the state of the art for the ‘Vesical Imaging Reporting and Data System’ (VI-RADS). This scoring system presents a tool for the local staging of BC and has been validated across several institutions. We discuss the current application and the potential future clinical implications of VI-RADS in BC diagnosis, management and follow-up.

Keywords

• bladder cancer
• multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging
• VI-RADS