Biocompatible Electrical and Optical Interfaces for Implantable Sensors and Devices
Yuxin Wan,
Caiyi Wang,
Bingao Zhang,
Yixuan Liu,
Hailong Yang,
Fengyu Liu,
Jingjing Xu,
Shengyong Xu
Affiliations
Yuxin Wan
Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
Caiyi Wang
School of Integrated Circuits, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
Bingao Zhang
Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
Yixuan Liu
Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education and National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Hailong Yang
Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education and National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Fengyu Liu
Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education and National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Jingjing Xu
School of Integrated Circuits, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
Shengyong Xu
Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
Implantable bioelectronics hold tremendous potential in the field of healthcare, yet the performance of these systems heavily relies on the interfaces between artificial machines and living tissues. In this paper, we discuss the recent developments of tethered interfaces, as well as those of non-tethered interfaces. Among them, systems that study neural activity receive significant attention due to their innovative developments and high relevance in contemporary research, but other functional types of interface systems are also explored to provide a comprehensive overview of the field. We also analyze the key considerations, including perforation site selection, fixing strategies, long-term retention, and wireless communication, highlighting the challenges and opportunities with stable, effective, and biocompatible interfaces. Furthermore, we propose a primitive model of biocompatible electrical and optical interfaces for implantable systems, which simultaneously possesses biocompatibility, stability, and convenience. Finally, we point out the future directions of interfacing strategies.
