Ordered Mesoporous Carbon as a Support of Pd Catalysts for CO₂ Electrochemical Reduction

Abstract

Ordered mesoporous carbons (OMCs) have been used as catalyst supports of Pd nanoparticles for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 in 0.1 M KHCO3. OMC with tunable porosity and morphology were obtained by the hard-template approach using synthesized SBA-15 templates. SBA-15 materials were prepared using a mass ratio of the silica precursor (TEOS) and the surfactant (P123) of 2 or 5. After removing silica particles by a purification treatment with NaOH-ethanol or HF, different OMCs were obtained, with a developed porosity (up to 1050 m2 g−1) and ordered 2D hexagonal mesostructure (p6 mm). An increase in the TEOS/P123 ratio as well as the treatment with HF resulted in a decrease in the structural ordering of the materials. Pd nanoparticles with an average size of around 3 nm were deposited on the OMC. However, larger nanoparticles were also observed, especially for the materials obtained using a mass ratio TEOS/P123 of 5. Despite these differences, electrochemical experiments showed that CO2 was successfully reduced to other species (mainly COad) for all Pd/OMC electrocatalysts. These reduced species were adsorbed on Pd active sites, inhibiting the hydrogen evolution reaction.

Keywords

• hard templating
• silica
• ordered mesoporous carbons
• CO₂ electroreduction
• palladium